PTE RMCSA

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 Gas emission of Australia
Every day millions of lights and computers are left on in deserted offices, apartments and houses. Environmental activists say that simply switching them off could cut Sydney’s greenhouse gas emissions by five percent over the next year. Per capita, Australia is one of the world’s largest producers of carbon dioxide and other gases that many scientists believe are helping to warm the Earth’s atmosphere, causing climate upset. A long-standing drought and serious water shortages in Australia have focused much attention on climate change. Some experts warn higher temperatures could leave this nation of 20 million people at the mercy of more severe droughts and devastating tropical cyclones.
Question:
One present indicator of climate change in Australia is…?
a. Gas emissions
b. Environmental activists
c. Carbon dioxide d. Drought

Option 1

Research about Banks
The artists were not a rich man’s frivolous addition to his entourage but an essential part of a scientific team in the age before photography. Their  principal task was to draw the specimens that the scientists collected. Although the naturalists, such as Banks, intended to preserve some of their specimens and take them home to England, it would not be practical to do so with all of them. Banks also expected to dissect certain animals, and the artists would preserve a record of this work. In addition to their scientific drawings, Banks wanted the artists to sketch the people and places they visited.
Question:
Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
a. Dissecting specimens was not as useful as taking them to England.
b. Photography eventually made scientific expeditions more productive.
c. Artists performed a variety of tasks in early scientific explorations.
d. Naturalists themselves were often talented artists.

Option 3

Over a period of five years, James H. Clark, the internet pioneer whose Netscape browser once commanded that market, spent roughly $35 million to purchase dozens of Cambodian and Southeast Asian antiquities. After investigators convinced him these collections were all stolen and that he had been duped by a shady antiquities dealer, Mr. Clark said, “My doing might inspire other people to do the same, but I’m not sure — it’s hard for people to give up something they paid for, but for me, why would you want to own something that was stolen?”

We can infer from this passage that __

  1. Mr. Clark will not collect antiquities any more.
  2. Mr. Clark donates these collections to charity.
  3. Mr. Clark stole these antiquities in Asia.
  4. Mr. Clark will give these antiquities to the police.
  5. Mr. Clark will be under arrest.

Option 1

Female leadership
Companies with 30 percent female executives rake in as much as six percentage points more in profits, according to a study on Monday, feeding into a global debate over the scarcity of women in decision- making business roles. The results indicate the presence of women in corporate leadership positions can boost a firm’s performance, suggesting a reward for policies that facilitate women rising through corporate ranks. But the study found while having women in executive ranks resulted in better profitability, female CEOs or board members did not have a statistically significant impact on the bottom line.
Question:
What’s the result of the research?

Choose more female in leadership tend to generate more profits executives fact.

Jupiter
Jupiter has 2-1/2 times more mass as compared to all other planets put together. Besides, its diameter is 11 times more than Earth’s diameter. Because of its size, the scientists were also forced into believing that it became a star. Gasses and dust contracted to build the planet and immense pressure was created by the gravitational forces along with tens of thousands of degrees of temperature. However, unlike the Sun, the unavailability of sufficient mass required to create the temperature which can initiate fusion reaction, Jupiter relatively got cooler over a period of time.
Question:
What’s the main idea of the passage?
a. Comparison of Jupiter’s temperature with other planets.
b. Size of Jupiter compared to other planets.
c. Jupiter’s development as compared to Earth over a period.
d. Jupiter’s development as compared to Sun.

Option 4

Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine meticulously counted brain cells in fruit flies and three species of mosquitos, revealing a number that would surprise many people outside the science world. The insects’ tiny brains, on average, have about 200,000 neurons and other cells, they say. By comparison, a human brain has 86 billion neurons, and a rodent brain contains about 12 billion. Even though these brains are simple (in contrast to mammalian brains), they can do a lot of processing, even more than a supercomputer. They enable the insects to navigate, find food and perform other complicated tasks at the same time.

According to this passage, we can know that fruit flies __

  1. have about 12 billion neurons and cells in the brain.
  2. have more brain cells than rodents.
  3. can do more processing than a supercomputer.
  4. can’t navigate and find food at the same time.

Option 1

Ever wondered about changing your life for the better? Maybe you’re interested in losing weight, being more active or just feeling healthier. To live a healthier life you’ll most likely need to make some adjustments in a wide variety of areas. Being “healthy” is based on many things including: your genetics, diet, exercise routine and lifestyle choices. Since you cannot control your genes, making changes to items you have control over can help lead to a healthier lifestyle. Focus on making small changes to your diet, exercise and other lifestyle factors to help make you healthier.

What is the main idea of the text?

  1. A healthier life requires various small changes to diverse aspects of our life, such as diet, exercise and so on.
  2. Healthier lifestyles can bring people a great deal of benefits, including losing weight, being more active and feeling healthier.
  3. Some delicate adjustments in a limited scope of areas are believed to help us to lead a healthier lifestyle.
  4. Apart from making small changes to our life, controlling our genes can also make us healthier.

Option 1

Schools
The Turks and Caicos Islands are a multi-island archipelago at the southern tip of the Bahamas chain, approximately 550 miles south-east of Florida. The islands are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom although they exercise a high degree of local political autonomy. The economy of the islands rests mainly on tourism, with some contribution from offshore banking and fishing.
Primary schooling is divided into eight grades, with most pupils entering at the age of four years and leaving at twelve. After two kindergarten years, Grades 1-6 are covered by a graded curriculum in maths, language and science that increases in difficulty as pupils get older. There is little repetition and pupils are
expected to progress through primary school in their age cohorts. At the end of primary schooling, pupils sit an examination that serves to stream them in the secondary setting. Primary and secondary school enrolment is virtually universal.
There are a total of ten government primary schools on the islands. Of these, seven are large enough to organize pupils into single grade classrooms. Pupils in these schools are generally grouped by age into mixed-ability classes. The remaining three schools, because of their small pupil numbers, operate with multigrade groupings. They serve communities with small populations whose children cannot travel to a neighboring larger primary school. Pupils in these classes span up to three grade and age groups. As far as classroom organization is concerned, the multigrade and monograde classrooms are similar in terms of the number of pupils and the general seating arrangements, with pupils in rows facing the blackboard. There is no evidence that the multigrade teachers operate in a particularly resource-poor environment in the Turks and Caicos Islands. This is in contract to studies conducted in other developing
country contexts.

Question:
According to the text, which of the following statements can be concluded about primary classes in the
Turks and Caicos Islands?
a. Parents can choose to send their child to a multigrade school.
b. Multigrade classes are for the youngest three grades.
c. Most primary pupils are in multigrade classes.
d. Most primary pupils are in mixed ability classes.
e. Multigrade classes are mostly found in smaller schools.

Multi and mono the island is only the overall number of differences, the size of the classroom and the number of tables and chairs is almost the same. Although multi grade is in a class, the educational level of this archipelago is still better than that of developing countries.

In organized crime there is a hierarchy, with higher-ranking members making decisions that trickle down to the other members of the family. The Mafia is not a single group or gang — it is made up of many families that have, at times, fought each other in bitter, bloody gang wars. At other times, they have cooperated in the interest of greater profits, sometimes even serving on a “Commission” that made major decisions affecting all the families . Most of the time, though, they simply agree to stay out of each other’s way.

From the author’s description of Mafia, which of the following statement is true?

  1. The Mafia is just a single gang that is divided into several different families.
  2. Families may fight with each other or work together depending on the circumstances.
  3. Organized crime is believed to be related to the Mafia.
  4. When there is a fight between two families, a “Commission” will decide how to settle it.

Option 2

Editing requires careful analysis and critical thinking, and proofreading requires a great deal of attention to detail. As such, they are not tasks that can be done in a rush or squeezed in between other tasks: it is essential to devote sufficient time and concentration to both, and being in the right frame of mind to do this is very important. Schedule a period of time in your diary for focusing solely on editing or proofing, and find an environment where you can be alone and free from distractions and interruptions. You may even wish to book a meeting room for yourself. Before you start, ensure that you are in a relaxed mood, with no other conflicting priorities or concerns to sidetrack your thoughts. Sit at a clear, uncluttered desk, which should have on it only the things that you need to help you with your task – pen, ruler, dictionary, thesaurus, grammar/punctuation guide, and your organisation’s style guide, if one exists. As with all types of work, take regular breaks, as it is not possible to concentrate for long periods. Don’t edit or proofread for more than half an hour at a time without taking a break. Take even just a few moments to give your eyes a rest from the text.

Which of the following is not a correct guideline for editing and proofreading work?

  1. These tasks should not be done in a hurry.
  2. It is important to set aside a dedicated time solely for these tasks.
  3. These tasks should be done in one single sitting for maximum efficiency.
  4. Do these tasks in a clutter free workspace.
  5. These tasks are best done in a relaxed mood.

Option 3

Voting Machine
The voting machine was invented by Americans and hasn’t been widely used by European countries, where traditional pen-and-paper voting is still the dominant form. Other two countries that also use the voting machine are Netherland and India.
Question:
a. Voting machine is invented by Americans
b. Southern European countries don’t adopt the voting machine system but still use conventional voting
method (pen and paper)
c. Another two countries that use voting machine are Holland and India

Choose the option with “voting machine distribution”‘

They rise out of the desert sands, monumental monoliths shaped over millennia by the winds of time. Man has left his mark here too, carving out more than 110 rock tombs, many with ornate details: steps symbolising the way to heaven above the entrance, shelf cornicing and perhaps the head of Medusa to warn against tomb raiders. The result is seriously stunning, the huge red rocks standing stark against the brilliant blue of the desert sky. This is Hegra, the site of an ancient Saudi Arabian city built by the Nabataeans. And I believe you’ll be amazed and surprised by what you see when you come. Welcome!

Where does this passage most likely to appear?

  1. A textbook.
  2. A dictionary.
  3. A travel book.
  4. An encyclopedia.

Option 3

Library
A boy wanted to go to the library and asked a girl how to go there. The girl said she had studied there so she knew, but she has already left. Then the boy invited the girl for a cup of coffee and the girl agreed in a shy manner.
Question:
Why does the girl know where the library is?

Because she used to study there.

In 2021, there were more than 10 million low-income working families with children in the United States, and 39 percent were headed by working mothers. The economic conditions for these families have worsened since the onset of the recession; between 2021 and 2021, there was a four percentage-point increase in the share of female-headed working families that are low-income. Addressing challenges specific to these families will increase their economic opportunity, boost the economy and strengthen the fabric of communities across the nation. Public policy can play a critical role in our future prosperity by reversing this trend and improving outcomes for low-income working mothers. Of particular interest is how state governments can best invest in helping working mothers gain the education, skills and supports necessary to become economically secure and provide a strong economic future for their children.

Which of the following correctly indicates the intention of the writer?

  1. To highlight the economic disparity in the United States, especially when it comes to working families with children.
  2. To highlight the condition of low income working mothers to propel governments to take measures for their economic improvement.
  3. To highlight the impact of recession on low income families in the USA.
  4. To highlight the difference in economic conditions of families which are headed by single mothers versus others.

Option 2

College application essays require you to follow a prompt or question. Select one idea, develop it throughout the essay, and include only the information that pertains to your topic. You might try to avoid writing abstract ideas or generalized thoughts. Instead, use concrete information and examples, which will prevent your writing from becoming lengthy and unfocused.

For example, if an essay prompt asks you to write about your college goals, instead of discussing general topics like getting good grades, meeting new people and earning a degree, you may be better served to write about the specific area you plan to study, the steps you plan to take to graduate with honors, and how you want to take part in student organizations in order to network or serve the community. Remember, admissions officers read a large amount of essays, and you’ll want your essay to keep the reader engaged and interested.

Which of the following you should not do in a college application essay?

  1. Select one idea related to the prompt and flesh it out in the essay in a concrete manner.
  2. Try to make the essay interesting and engaging.
  3. Include information which is closely related to the essay topic.
  4. Do not include examples, only stick with hard facts.

Option 4

In encouraging honest intellectual effort, it is important to establish a firm but positive classroom ethos from the first day of class. To be effective, the ethic should have a positive side. Statements about what is not allowed, no matter how urgently expressed, are far more effective when paired with what is expected. While it can be tempting to focus on how you will punish or mark down plagiarism rather than your specific expectations, do not fall into this trap. Once the ethos shifts to strategic game-playing for points, students will see cheating as a rational choice.

Which of the following is not advised as a way to encourage students to not plagiarise?

  1. Explain to them very strictly how plagiarism will be punished and marked.
  2. Combine statements about what is not permissible with statements about what is expected.
  3. Explain specifically what is expected from the students.
  4. Setup a positive classroom ethos right from the beginning of the class.

Option 1

After years of analyzing what makes leaders most effective and figuring out who’s got the Right Stuff, management gurus now know how to boost the odds of getting a great executive: Hire a female.

The idea that women are effective leaders has jumped from the writers of feminist trade books on management to the mainstream press and is steadily making its way into the popular culture. Articles in newspapers and business magazines reveal a cultural realignment in the United States that proclaims a new era for female leaders. As Business Week announces that women have the ‘‘Right Stuff’’ Fast Company concurs that ‘‘The future of business depends on women’’. Even more startling is Business Week’s subsequent cover story on the ‘‘New Gender Gap,’’ maintaining that ‘‘Men could become losers in a global economy that values mental power over might’’.

The sharp edge of these female advantage articles must be quite baffling to the many academic leadership researchers who have argued that gender has little relation to leadership style. They might be tempted to conclude that in our postmodernist world the voices of social scientists have not been accorded any special authority. However, to earn the trust of journalists and the public, leadership researchers must approach these issues with sophisticated enough theories and methods that they illuminate the implications of gender in organizational life. Toward this goal, we show that a careful sifting through social scientific evidence, separating wheat from chaff, suggests that contemporary journalists, while surely conveying too simple a message, are expressing some of the new realities associated with women’s rise into elite leadership roles.

Which of the following statements are true about the analysis of female leadership? Select more than one option.

  1. Increasingly the press has been writing in the favor of female readers.
  2. Articles suggesting female advantage in leadership are no longer limited just to niche feminist magazines.
  3. Research into the role of gender in leadership closely aligns with what is being portrayed in the media.
  4. Social scientists mostly agree with the view of journalists who write supporting female leadership.
  5. Journalists have a responsibility to carefully analyze the existing research on the role of gender in leadership before writing anything about it.
  6. Everyone now agrees that hiring a female leader is the best decision a corporate can make.
 

Option 6

Using photography as a data collection technique in social research has grown increasingly common as equipment has become cheaper and simpler to use, and as participants’ direct involvement in the process of inquiry has gained traction amongst investigators. Photography is used to gather insights into a wide range of subjects and is utilised by both academic and non-academic researchers. It is particularly favoured in research with children, offering young participants the freedom to choose a response away from the researcher’s direct presence and the consequent pressure this can entail. Photography is also selected in research with young people on the grounds that it is a pleasurable activity, one that can add a ‘fun’ dimension to a research project. Because of the greater degree of flexibility and creativity it can offer, photography is thus seen as a tool that can include young people as active participants in the research process, involving them directly in an enjoyable and engaging manner.

Which of the following is not a reason behind the increase in use of photography as a research tool?

  1. Cheaper cameras have made it easier to use photography in research.
  2. Direct involvement of participant in the process of research is now acceptable.
  3. Photography is the only research tool which the younger generation finds acceptable.
  4. Younger population finds photography fun and thus can be more easily engaged in the research.

Option 3

The APA style contains not only a referencing system but also a number of other recommendations for how a scientific report should be written. These instructions, which apply to all forms of academic writing in Social Work, are based primarily on the sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. However, it does not encompass all possible considerations, but a number of central aspects that are considered to create a sufficiently good basis for the student’s academic writing. The student must ensure that references to literature and other material are included in both the running text and in the reference list at the end of the essay. In principle the student is to avoid the use of notes or footnotes. If the type of reference the student wishes to cite is not included in the instructions s/he will have to consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association and/or the links under the section entitled More reading tips about the APA style, in which there are continual updates, and that there are answers and tips concerning various questions about referencing. Please observe that the supporting books and sources mentioned do not replace these instructions, and if exemplifications in these instructions are lacking, the supporting books and sources mentioned may be used.

Which of the following is not a true statement about the APA style?

  1. The APA style consists of a referencing system for scientific reports.
  2. The APA style consists of a number of recommendations for the writing of scientific reports.
  3. The APA style list contains a lot of recommendations, but does not include all possible considerations.
  4. The APA style is the only permitted style for writing of scientific reports.
  5. Students are advised to read the tips if the needed instructions are not found in the main instructions.

Option 4

Passionate. Creative. Resourceful. Driven to Learn. That’s how Lee Ann Kidwell and Jennifer Hurst describe the children they interact with each day as preschool teachers for Day Early Learning. However, those same words are often used to describe great teachers, and they can certainly be used to describe this mother and daughter who have made a career out of educating Indiana’s youngest learners.

As a military wife, Lee Ann often found herself running her household and serving as the primary caregiver for her three young children while her husband was serving in the Navy. During that time, she decided to run a home-based child care so she could teach her children while also providing help to other families.

“I started caring for kids in my home, but once I decided this was a good career for me, I moved on to work in Navy child care centers,” said Lee Ann. “That is where I learned what quality care looks like.” Nearly 95 percent of the Department of Defense’s more than 800 centers are accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children and are considered among the highest quality centers.

Which of the following can be thought of as the reason behind Lee Ann’s choice of career?

  1. She was always passionate about teacher younger children.
  2. She was influenced by her daughter Jennifer Hurst’s decision to become a preschool teacher.
  3. She wanted to teach her own children while also helping others.
  4. She was given the opportunity by Navy to join the Navy child care centres.
  5. She wanted to fill in the spare time in her day to day schedule.

Option 3

In some countries, parallel pre-primary education systems have emerged: those privately provided alongside government ones. A recent study following children in 362 villages in three Indian States showed that while 85% of children in Assam attend government child- and mother-care centres that also provide non-formal pre-school education (Anganwadis), only 52% do in Andhra Pradesh and 20% in Rajasthan. Meanwhile, about 30% attend private schools in Andhra Pradesh and 40% in Rajasthan, reflecting the enormous growth in private pre-primary schools across rural, urban and tribal areas. Four countries in the region (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal) have arrived at public–private partnerships, usually involving state funding for private provision, though often with some fees as well.

In which Indian state are parents most likely to send their children to government run pre-school education centers?

  1. Assam
  2. Rajasthan
  3. Andhra Pradesh
  4. Non-Indian state
  5. Some other Indian state

Option 1

Planets which generate magnetic fields in their interiors, such as Earth, Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn, are surrounded by invisible magnetospheres. Their magnetic fields deflect the charged particles of the solar wind (electrons and protons) as they stream away from the Sun. This deflection creates a magnetosphere – a protective “bubble” around the planet – which ends in an elongated magnetotail on the lee side of the magnetosphere.

Since Venus has no intrinsic magnetic field to act as a shield against incoming charged particles, the solar wind sometimes interacts directly with the upper atmosphere. However, Venus is partially protected by an induced magnetic field.

As on Earth, solar ultraviolet radiation removes electrons from the atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere, creating a region of electrically charged gas known as the ionosphere. This ionised layer interacts with the solar wind and the magnetic field carried by the solar wind.

During the continuous battle with the solar wind, this region of the upper atmosphere is able to slow and divert the flow of particles around the planet, creating a magnetosphere, shaped rather like a comet’s tail, on the lee side of the planet

Which of the following explains how Venus is protected from solar winds despite the absence of a magnetic field?

  1. Venus has an invisible magnetosphere which forms an invisible bubble around it.
  2. Ionosphere of Venus interacts with solar wind creating something like a magnetosphere on one side of the planet.
  3. Solar ultraviolet radiation removes electrons from the atoms making them harmless.
  4. Venus has a comet like tail that protects it from the incoming solar winds.
  5. Venus has no intrinsic magnetic field and thus is not impacted by the solar winds in the first place.

Option 2

B-15 broke off from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. It was the largest iceberg ever documented, with a surface area of more than 4,200 square miles—more than twice the size of the state of Delaware. After it started breaking up, the largest of its pieces, B-15a, drifted along the coast of Antarctica, lingered on a shallow seamount, and collided with an ice tongue, before running aground and breaking again. Late in 2007, the largest remaining chunk floated out into the South Pacific where, in the warmer water, it began to disintegrate.

For the whole of the next year, the ocean was noisier than usual. All the way up past the equator, 4,350 miles or so away from where B-15a broke apart, hydrophones that scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had suspended underwater were picking up strange signals. Another set of hydrophones, this one in the Juan Fernández Islands, off the coast of Chile, picked up the noise, too, even louder. When the scientists used the two sets of data to determine the source of the noise, they found the most likely culprits: B-15a and C-19a, another giant iceberg.

Twenty years ago, not so long before B-15 broke off from Antarctica, “we didn’t even know that icebergs made noise,” says Haru Matsumoto, an ocean engineer at NOAA who has studied these sounds. But in the past few years, scientists have started to learn to distinguish the eerie, haunting sounds of iceberg life—ice cracking, icebergs grinding against each other, an iceberg grounding on the seafloor—and measure the extent to which those sounds contribute to the noise of the ocean. While they’re just now learning to listen, the sounds of ice could help them understand the behavior and breakup of icebergs and ice shelves as the poles warm up.

Where did the largest piece off from B-15 eventually go?

  1. Seafloor
  2. Antarctica
  3. Chile
  4. South Pacific

Option 2

Social distancing, also called physical distancing, refers to staying a specific distance away from other people to help prevent illnesses from spreading. The specific distance is determined by health experts and national governments, and social distancing is a recommended medical practice to help “flatten the curve,” or lower the number of COVID-19 cases throughout the world. With all the misinformation online, take a few minutes to review how to understand social distance and learn why it’s so important to help stop COVID-19. If you need help explaining social distancing to children, you can use the information below to help make social distancing easier for kids to understand.

The passage is an excerpt from a longer essay. According to the last sentence, what may the remaining part of the essay be about?

  1. More detailed professional information on the mechanisms of social distancing.
  2. A more simplified and interesting description about social distancing.
  3. Experimental evidence about the effectiveness of social distancing.

Option 2

Japan recently unveiled the world’s first Dual-Mode Vehicle (DMV), a contraption that runs both on roads, like a bus, and on rails, like a train. The mini-bus–like contraption didn’t win anyone over with its looks, but it definitely made an impression in terms of practicality. It runs with normal rubber tires on the road, but when it needs to switch to train mode, a pair of metal wheels drop down from the vehicle’s underbelly. The front tires are lifted off of the track, while the rear wheels stay down to propel the vehicle. Switching between road and train modes takes only about 15 seconds.

According to this passage, we can know that __

  1. People think DMV is pragmatic.
  2. People like DMV’s appearance.
  3. DMV can work as a plane.
  4. DMV needs 15 seconds to start the engine.

Option 1

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